🔹 1. Short E — /ɛ/ (like in “red”) Examples: 🔹 2. Long E — /iː/ (like in “me”) Occurs when: Examples: 🔹 3. Unstressed E — /ə/ or silent Examples: 🔹 4. “E” as part of other vowel combinations 🔹 5. Silent E Examples:
Subject Possessive Adjective Example I my This is my book. You your Is this your pen? He his That’s his jacket. She her I like her shoes. It its The cat licked its paw. We our Welcome to our home. They their Their house is big.
Bored Happy Angry with Thirsty Busy Satisfied with Tired Hungry Interested in Money Painting Darkness Heights When? Sport Music Spider Who? How? Gardening scared of / afraid of Snake What? Where? Why?
🔹 1. Long A /eɪ/ — sounds like “ay” in day Usually appears when: “A” is at the end of a syllable or followed by a single consonant + silent E Spelling patterns: a-e, ai, ay Examples: cake, name, game (a-e pattern) rain, train, paint (ai pattern) day, say, play (ay pattern) 🔹 2. Short A /æ/ — sounds like “a” in cat Usually appears when: “A” is in a closed syllable (followed by a consonant) Examples: cat, hat, map, apple, sad 🔹 3. Broad A /ɑː/ (British) or /ɑ/ (American) — sounds like “ah” Often appears in: Words with “ar”, especially in British English Some borrowed or older words Examples: car, father, calm, aunt (in some accents) 🔹 4. Schwa A /ə/ — an unstressed, soft “uh” sound Happens when: “A” is in an unstressed syllable Examples: about, sofa, alone, banana 🔹 5. Other less common pronunciations: /ɔː/ (British English) in some words: water, call, talk /eə/ (British English) in rare cases like: care, bare 🔁 Summary Table: Pattern Sound Example a-e /eɪ/ cake ai, ay /eɪ/ rain, day closed syllable /æ/ cat ar (BrE) /ɑː/ car unstressed /ə/ about special cases /ɔː/, /eə/ water, care
Present Simple TO BE Affirmative + Negative – I am I`m I am not I`m not You are You`re You are not You aren`t He is He`s He is not He isn`t She is She`s She is not She isn`t It is It`s It is not It isn`t We are We`re We are not We aren`t You are You`re You are not You aren`t They are They`re They are not They aren`t Interrogative Am I….? +Yes, I am. – No, I`m not. Are you …? + Yes, I am. – No, I`m not. Is he ……? + Yes, he is – No, he isn`t Is she…? + Yes, she is – No, she isn`t Is it…? + Yes, it is. – No, it isn`t Are we ….? +Yes, we are – No, we aren`t Are you…..? + Yes, we are. – No, we aren`t Are they ….? + Yes, they are. – No, they aren`t
